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Betalain biosynthesis

State Icon Reaction EC-Number Confidence maximal confidence score from EnzymeDetector
H+ + cyclo-Dopa_5-O-glucoside + Betalamate <=> betanin + H2O not assigned

H+ + 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole + Betalamate <=> betanidin + H2O not assigned

Portulacaxanthin_II + O2 + Dopaxanthin <=> Dopaxanthin + H2O + Dopaxanthin_quinone 1.14.18

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dopamine <=> H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxytyramine 2.1.1.6 catechol O-methyltransferase

Dopaxanthin_quinone + H+ <=> betanidin not assigned

L-Dopa + Betalamate <=> H+ + Dopaxanthin + H2O not assigned

3-methoxytyramine + Betalamate <=> H+ + 3-Methoxytyramine-betaxanthin + H2O not assigned

dopamine + Betalamate <=> H+ + Miraxanthin-V + H2O not assigned

L-tyrosine + O2 <=> L-Dopa 1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase
1.14.18.1 tyrosinase


UDP-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + betanidin_6-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP 2.4.1

H+ + L-Dopa <=> dopamine + CO2 4.1.1.22 histidine decarboxylase
4.1.1.25 tyrosine decarboxylase
4.1.1.28 aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
4.1.1.53 phenylalanine decarboxylase




dopaquinone <=> H+ + 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole not assigned

H+ + cyclo-Dopa-glucuronylglucoside + Betalamate <=> Amaranthin + H2O not assigned

4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzoquinone <=> 2-Descarboxy-cyclo-dopa not assigned

L-tyrosine + L-Dopa + O2 <=> L-Dopa + dopaquinone + H2O 1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase
1.14.18.1 tyrosinase


UDP-glucose + 2-Carboxy-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole <=> H+ + cyclo-Dopa_5-O-glucoside + UDP 2.4.1

betanin + UDP-glucuronate <=> Amaranthin + UDP 2.4.1

4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate_6-semialdehyde <=> H+ + Betalamate + H2O not assigned

betanin + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose + H+ <=> Lampranthin_II + D-glucose 2.3.1

L-Dopa + O2 <=> H+ + 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate_6-semialdehyde 1.13.11
1.13.11.29 stizolobate synthase


Amaranthin + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> Celosianin_II + D-glucose 2.3.1

dopamine + O2 <=> 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzoquinone + H2O 1.10.3
1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase
1.14.18.1 tyrosinase



2-Descarboxy-cyclo-dopa + Betalamic_acid <=> 2-Descarboxy-betanidin + H2O not assigned

Dopaxanthin + O2 <=> Dopaxanthin_quinone + H2O 1.10.3
1.14.18.1 tyrosinase


UDP-glucuronate + cyclo-Dopa_5-O-glucoside <=> cyclo-Dopa-glucuronylglucoside + UDP + H+ 2.4.1

UDP-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + betanin + UDP 2.4.1

L-tyrosine + Betalamate <=> H+ + Portulacaxanthin_II + H2O not assigned

Visualization of the pathway